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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00157_Field_157.txt
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1996-12-31
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SHADOW
Shadow, particularly attached
shadow, would seem to be the
major determinant of perceived
depth for distant objects. If the
shadow contrast were
diminished, the faces would
appear relatively flat and
indistinct.
The pictorial cue based on
shading and shadow is also a
critical factor in depth
perception, both in pictures
and in everyday life. Consider a
sculpture of uniform color,
such as the one cut into Mt.
Rushmore. The presidentsΓÇÖ
faces appear three-dimensional
even at distances at which all
other cues would be
ineffectual. Clearly it is the
play of light and shadow that
creates the veridical
perception here. Primarily
responsible is the shading that
results from the depth within
the object itself, referred to as
attached shadows (or
chiaroscuro) although cast
shadows--the shadows that fall
on surrounding surfaces--may
also play a role.
Of the two types of shadow,
attached shadow is the more
important in creating an
impression of depth. Although
we often notice cast shadows,
there is not yet a great deal of
experimental evidence of their
effectiveness as a depth cue.
Some evidence suggests that
cast shadow is a cue to depth in
that it helps us to construct
mentally a plane that might not
otherwise be perceived. In one
recent study by Albert Yonas
and his co-workers at the
University of Minnesota,
shadows from objects floating
in the air were cast upon a
ground plane. Without the
shadow, the distance of the
floating object would be more or
less indeterminate, since it
could be anywhere between the
viewer and infinity, but, as a
result of the shadow, the
subjects were able to localize
the object as directly above its
shadow. Since the shadowΓÇÖs
distance was given by its
location on the ground, the
objectΓÇÖs distance was also
thereby determined.